Understanding Insulation Types
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Fiberglass Batts
Most common type. Pre-cut to fit standard wall cavities. R-value: 3.1-3.4 per inch. Easy DIY installation. Available faced or unfaced. Good for walls, floors, and ceilings.
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Mineral Wool
Higher density than fiberglass. Better sound insulation. R-value: 3.0-3.3 per inch. Fire resistant. Moisture resistant. Excellent for fire blocking.
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Cellulose
Made from recycled paper. Blown-in application. R-value: 3.2-3.8 per inch. Good for retrofitting. Treated for fire resistance. Fills irregular spaces well.
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Spray Foam
Highest R-value per inch (6.0-7.0). Creates air barrier. Available in open and closed cell. Professional installation required. Excellent air sealing.
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Rigid Foam Board
High R-value per inch (4.0-6.5). Good for continuous insulation. Moisture resistant. Available in different types (EPS, XPS, Polyiso).
R-Value Requirements
Walls
R-13 to R-21 depending on climate zone. Higher values for colder climates. Consider continuous insulation requirements.
Attic/Ceiling
R-30 to R-60 based on location. Critical for energy efficiency. Consider ventilation requirements. Higher values save more energy.
Floors
R-13 to R-30 depending on climate. Important over unconditioned spaces. Consider moisture control. Verify local code requirements.
Crawl Spaces
R-13 minimum for most climates. Consider whether space is conditioned. Proper moisture barrier essential. Verify ventilation requirements.
Installation Best Practices
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Preparation
Seal all air leaks. Install proper vapor barrier. Ensure cavity is clean and dry. Check for electrical/plumbing clearances.
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Fitting
Cut batts 1" wider than cavity. Avoid compression. Split around wires/pipes. Fill all gaps completely. Use proper tools.
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Vapor Barriers
Install on warm side of insulation. Overlap seams 6-12 inches. Seal all penetrations. Consider climate zone requirements.
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Safety Considerations
Wear proper PPE. Ensure adequate ventilation. Follow fire blocking requirements. Keep insulation away from heat sources.
Common Issues and Solutions
Gaps and Voids
Use proper sizing. Cut accurately. Fill all spaces. Use smaller pieces for tight spots. Check corners and edges carefully.
Moisture Problems
Install proper vapor barrier. Ensure good ventilation. Address water leaks. Consider using moisture-resistant materials.
Compression
Use correct thickness. Don't force fit. Split layers if needed. Maintain full thickness for rated R-value.
Air Leakage
Seal all gaps. Use proper air barriers. Check common leak points. Consider professional air sealing.