Hydraulic Engineering
- Flow Characteristics Manning's n: 0.011-0.015. Reynolds number: 4000-100000. Flow velocity: 2-8 ft/s. Hydraulic radius: 0.25-1.0". Head loss: 0.02-0.05 ft/ft.
- Capacity Factors Design flow: 5-50 GPM. Peak factor: 1.5-3.0. Minimum slope: 1-2%. Maximum velocity: 10 ft/s. Self-cleaning velocity: 2.5 ft/s.
- Loading Parameters DFU range: 1-6 units. Fixture units: 0.5-4.0. Simultaneous use: 20-40%. Peak discharge: 1.5-2× average. Recovery time: 1-5 minutes.
Design Standards
- Drain Specifications Inlet size: 2-12". Strainer open area: 50-70%. Grate rating: H-20/HS-20. Free area ratio: 2:1-4:1. Sump depth: 4-12".
- Pipe Requirements Material rating: Schedule 40/80. Roughness: 0.0013-0.0015 ft. Joint type: solvent/mechanical. Support spacing: 4-10 ft. Expansion: 1/8"/10 ft.
- Installation Criteria Embedment depth: 6-24". Backfill compaction: 95%. Cover requirements: 12-36". Cleanout spacing: 50-100 ft. Test pressure: 5-10 psi.
Performance Metrics
- Drainage Efficiency Surface removal: 95-99%. Solids transport: 85-95%. Clog resistance: Grade 1-3. Self-scouring: 1.5-2.5 ft/s. Retention time: 2-5 min.
- Maintenance Factors Cleaning interval: 3-6 months. Sediment capacity: 0.5-2.0 ft³. Access size: 18-24". Service life: 15-25 years. Inspection frequency: monthly.
- System Monitoring Flow sensors: ±2% accuracy. Level alarms: high/low. Pressure monitoring: 0-15 psi. Temperature range: 40-140°F. pH tolerance: 5-9.
Environmental Controls
- Pollution Prevention TSS removal: 80-95%. Oil/grease capture: 95%. Heavy metals: 40-60%. Bacteria reduction: 60-80%. Chemical resistance: Type 316L.
- Treatment Requirements Primary settling: 2-4 hr. Secondary treatment: biological. Tertiary options: UV/ozone. Discharge limits: local codes. Monitoring: quarterly.
- Safety Standards Ventilation: 12 ACH min. Gas detection: H₂S/CH₄. Emergency protocols: OSHA confined space. PPE level: C/D. Response time: <30 min.