Excavation Volume Calculator

Understanding Excavation

Proper excavation planning is crucial for construction projects.

  • Volume Calculation Consider slope and soil expansion.
  • Soil Types Different soils have varying properties.
  • Safety Slopes Maintain proper side slopes for stability.
  • Material Handling Plan for efficient soil transport.

Soil Properties

  • Physical Characteristics Bulk density: 1.2-2.0 g/cm³. Void ratio: 0.3-0.7. Porosity: 25-50%. Moisture content: 5-30%. Specific gravity: 2.6-2.8.
  • Mechanical Properties Angle of repose: 30-45°. Cohesion: 0-50 kPa. Internal friction: 25-45°. Compressibility: 0.1-0.5 MPa⁻¹. Swell factor: 10-30%.
  • Classification Metrics USCS groups: GW-CH. Grain size: 0.002-75mm. Plasticity index: 0-50. Liquid limit: 20-80%. Organic content: 0-20%.

Excavation Engineering

  • Equipment Factors Bucket capacity: 0.5-5.0 m³. Cycle time: 15-45s. Fill factor: 80-110%. Operator efficiency: 70-85%. Production rate: 30-200 m³/hr.
  • Site Conditions Working space: 1.5× machine width. Turning radius: 3-8m. Grade resistance: 2-15%. Traction coefficient: 0.45-0.90. Visibility: >50m.
  • Safety Parameters Slope stability: 1.5 factor. Bench height: 1.5-5m. Berm width: 3-6m. Support spacing: 1.2-2.4m. Surcharge load: 10-20 kPa.

Volume Calculations

  • Measurement Methods Grid spacing: 5-20m. Survey accuracy: ±5mm. Cross-section interval: 10-50m. Contour interval: 0.25-1.0m. Digital terrain: 1m resolution.
  • Conversion Factors Bank-Loose: 1.1-1.4. Bank-Compacted: 0.8-0.9. Moisture adjustment: ±2-8%. Temperature effect: ±0.1-0.3%. Seasonal variation: ±5-15%.
  • Accuracy Standards Volume tolerance: ±3-5%. Surface deviation: ±25mm. Grade control: ±10mm. Profile check: 3m straight edge. Level verification: 10m grid.

Project Management

  • Production Planning Daily output: 100-1000m³. Cycle efficiency: 80-90%. Weather impact: 10-30%. Equipment availability: 85-95%. Crew utilization: 75-85%.
  • Quality Control Survey frequency: daily. Compaction testing: 1/500m³. Moisture checks: 2-4/day. Grade verification: 25m grid. Documentation: hourly logs.
  • Environmental Factors Dust control: 0.5-2.0 L/m². Noise limit: 85dB at 7m. Vibration limit: 5mm/s PPV. Runoff coefficient: 0.3-0.6. Sediment retention: >85%.

Design Considerations

Safety

Ensure stable excavation slopes.

Drainage

Plan for water management.

Access

Maintain equipment access routes.

Storage

Consider spoil storage areas.