Hydraulic Design
- Flow Parameters Emitter flow: 0.5-4.0 gph. Operating pressure: 10-45 psi. Cv variation: <7%. Distribution uniformity: >85%. Emission uniformity: 90-95%.
- System Capacity Maximum length: 200-400'. Flow per zone: 2-5 gpm. Pressure loss: 10-20%. Filtration: 120-200 mesh. System life: 10-15 years.
- Performance Metrics Wetted diameter: 12-48". Application rate: 0.1-0.5 in/hr. Clogging resistance: 98%. Water use efficiency: 90-95%. Pressure compensation: ±5%.
Agronomic Factors
- Soil-Water Relations Field capacity: 20-30%. Wilting point: 8-12%. Available water: 1-2 in/ft. Root zone depth: 12-48". Infiltration rate: 0.1-0.8 in/hr.
- Plant Requirements Daily ET rate: 0.1-0.3 in. MAD level: 30-50%. Crop coefficient: 0.6-1.2. Root distribution: 60% in top 50%. Stress threshold: -50 to -70 kPa.
- Water Quality TDS: <1000 ppm. pH range: 6.0-7.5. Bicarbonates: <120 ppm. Iron: <0.3 ppm. Manganese: <0.1 ppm. Bacterial count: <10,000 cfu/ml.
System Components
- Emitter Specifications Orifice size: 0.020-0.035". Path length: 15-40 mm. Turbulent flow: Re >4000. K factor: 0.6-0.7. Activation pressure: 7-12 psi.
- Pipe Requirements Wall thickness: 15-60 mil. Burst pressure: 150-400 psi. UV resistance: >500 hrs. Temperature rating: 140°F. Chlorine resistance: 5-10 ppm.
- Control Equipment Pressure regulation: ±2 psi. Filter capacity: 2× flow rate. Valve response: <1 second. Controller precision: ±1 minute. Moisture sensing: ±2%.
Maintenance Protocol
- System Monitoring Pressure check: weekly. Flow measurement: monthly. Uniformity test: semi-annual. Chemical injection: 4-6 weeks. Filter cleaning: 100-200 hours.
- Water Management Leaching requirement: 15-20%. Flushing velocity: 1-2 ft/s. Chemical dosing: 10-30 ppm. pH adjustment: ±0.5 units. EC monitoring: ±0.1 dS/m.
- Performance Evaluation Distribution uniformity: quarterly. Soil moisture: weekly. Emitter variation: <10%. System efficiency: >85%. Runtime adjustment: ±10%.