Understanding Decking Materials
Choosing the right decking material is crucial for longevity, maintenance, and overall satisfaction.
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Pressure Treated Wood
Most common and economical choice. Chemical treatment protects against rot, decay, and insects. Requires annual cleaning and sealing. Available in standard dimensions (5/4 x 6" or 2 x 6"). Typical lifespan 15-20 years. Cost ranges $2-$5 per square foot.
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Cedar
Natural resistance to decay and insects. Beautiful reddish-brown color that can be maintained or allowed to weather to silver-gray. Softer than pressure-treated wood, may show wear in high-traffic areas. Lifespan 15-25 years with maintenance. Cost ranges $4-$8 per square foot.
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Composite Decking
Made from recycled plastic and wood fibers. Extremely durable and low maintenance. No staining or sealing required. Available in wide range of colors and textures. Won't splinter or warp. 25-30 year warranty typical. Cost ranges $10-$15 per square foot.
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Ipe Hardwood
Premium tropical hardwood. Extremely dense and durable. Natural resistance to rot, insects, and fire. Rich brown color that weathers to silver if not maintained. Can last 40+ years. Requires special installation tools. Cost ranges $15-$25 per square foot.
Structural Requirements
Joist Spacing
16" on center standard for residential decks. 12" for diagonal decking. 24" only for specific composite products.
Beam Sizing
Double 2x10 or 2x12 typical for spans up to 10'. Triple beams for longer spans. Check local codes for requirements.
Post Foundation
Minimum 12" diameter footings. Depth below frost line. 6x6 posts recommended for elevated decks.
Ledger Connection
½" lag screws or through-bolts every 16". Proper flashing essential. Use joist hangers rated for exterior use.
Design Considerations
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Board Direction
Run boards perpendicular to house for proper drainage. Consider sun angle for comfort. Diagonal installation adds 10-15% material waste but enhances appearance.
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Height and Steps
Maximum 7¾" rise per step. Minimum 36" wide stairs. Landing required if more than 3 steps. Handrails required for 4 or more risers.
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Railing Requirements
Required for decks more than 30" above grade. Minimum 36" height residential, 42" commercial. Maximum 4" spacing between balusters.
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Ventilation
1/8" minimum gap between boards for drainage. Provide air circulation under deck. Slope grade away from house 1" per 8 feet.
Installation Best Practices
Board Spacing
Use 16d nails as spacing guides. Allow for seasonal movement. Composite requires manufacturer-specific gaps.
Fastening Methods
Hidden fasteners for clean look. Face screwing for maximum holding. Pre-drill hardwoods to prevent splitting.
Pattern Layout
Start with full board at house. Use chalk lines for straight runs. Consider picture framing for professional look.
End Treatment
Seal all cut ends. Use end caps for composite. Miter corners for clean appearance. Allow overhang for drip edge.
Maintenance Schedule
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Pressure Treated Wood
Clean annually with deck cleaner. Reapply water repellent every 1-2 years. Replace damaged boards as needed. Inspect for loose fasteners yearly.
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Cedar
Clean and brighten annually. Apply UV-protective sealer every 2-3 years. Check for soft spots indicating decay. Maintain 6" ground clearance.
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Composite
Clean twice yearly with composite deck cleaner. Remove debris from gaps. Check fasteners annually. Pressure wash on low setting if needed.
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Ipe
Apply UV-protective oil annually to maintain color. Clean with hardwood cleaner. Check structural connections yearly. Resand if needed every 3-5 years.