Understanding Beam Design
Proper beam design ensures structural integrity and safety.
- Load Types Dead loads are permanent. Live loads are variable.
- Span Limits Maximum span depends on material and load conditions.
- Deflection Limited by code and serviceability requirements.
- Support Conditions Affects moment and shear distribution.
Material Properties
Wood
Natural material. Good strength-to-weight ratio.
Steel
High strength. Excellent for long spans.
Concrete
Durable. Good compression strength.
Composite
Combines material benefits. Modern solution.
Design Considerations
- Load Combinations Consider multiple load scenarios. Use appropriate factors.
- Support Conditions Simple vs. fixed supports. Cantilever conditions.
- Serviceability Control deflection and vibration. Consider long-term effects.
- Durability Environmental exposure. Material protection.
Code Requirements
Load Factors
Dead load: 1.2-1.4. Live load: 1.6. Multiple combinations.
Deflection Limits
Typically L/360 for live load. L/240 for total load.
Material Strength
Use design values. Apply reduction factors.
Special Cases
Consider seismic, wind loads. Check local codes.
Advanced Topics
- Dynamic Analysis Vibration considerations. Impact loads.
- Composite Action Shear connection. Effective width.
- Lateral Stability Bracing requirements. Torsional effects.
- Connection Design Load transfer. Detail requirements.